there is nothing stable in the world; poem: Lines on Seeing a Lock of Milton’s Hair;
Nothing is finer for the purposes of great productions, than a very gradual ripening of the intellectual powers;
I am getting at it, with a sort of determination and strength;
there is nothing stablein the world; poem: On Sitting Down to Read King Lear Again;
I have seen a good deal of Wordsworth; imagines writing a drama—
the playing of different Natures with Joy and Sorrow; poem: Lines on the Mermaid Tavern; wants to leave behind the
sentimental castof Endymion and write
in a more naked and grecian Mannerin Hyperion, though probably not begun until October; poem: When I have fears; poem: Oh blush not so!; poem: Hence burgundy, claret, and port; poem: God of the meridian
his halfseeing;
We hate poetry that has a palpable design upon us;
Poetry should be great & unobtrusive, a things that enters into one’s soul, and does not startle it or amaze it with itself but with its subject; prefers Elizabethan poets over modern poets;
I will have no more of Hunt and Wordsworth;
Why should we be owls, when we could be eagles?; desire to be passive, receptive, and patient for knowledge; Wordsworth:
a great Poet if not Philosopher,but egotistical, vain, bigoted;
Poetry should surprise by fine excess and not by Singularity;
full Poesy or distilled Prose can forever be wandered with, mused upon, reflected upon, prophesied upon, and dreamt upon;
let us open our leaves like a flower and be passive and receptive;
if Poetry comes not as natural as the leaves to a tree it had better not come at all; poem: Endymion: a
Pioneerpoem to forget about and
proceedfrom;
thank God I can read and perhaps understand Shakespeare to his depths
nothing is this world is provable;
scenery is fine—but human nature finer;
I care not to be in the right;
I shall never be a Reasoner because I care not to be in the right; poem: Endymion:
I want to forget it and make my mind free for something new;
Oh! for a day and all well!
When I die I’ll have my Shakespeare placed on my heart…; Tom’s condition worsens, though it improves somewhat in early April; poems: Where be ye going, you Devon maid; For there’s Bishop’s Teign; Over the hill and over the dale; Dear Reynolds, as I last night lay in bed; writes a first draft for a preface to Endymion that is turned down by his publisher
make a sort of Prologue to the Life I intend to pursue—that is to write, to study and to see all Europe at the lowest expense. I will clamber through the Clouds and exist. I will get such an accumulation of stupendous recollections that as I walk through the suburbs of London I may not see them; writes a second draft to preface Endymion;
I never wrote one single Line of Poetry with the least Shadow of public thought; his only feeling of
humilityis to
the eternal Being, the Principle of Beauty—and the Memory of Great Men;
I hate a Mawkish Popularity; feels he needs
to escape disquisitions on Poetry;
I find cavalier days are gone by. I find that I can have no enjoyment in the world but continual drinking in of knowledge […] the road lies through application and study;
I long to feast on old Homer as we have upon Shakespeare and as I have lately upon Milton; Endymion published;
Tom is quite low spirited
Tom has spit a little blood this afternoon;
I have been in so an uneasy state of Mind as not to be fit to write to an invalid;
when the Mind is in its infancy a Bias is in reality a Bias, but when we have acquired more strength, a Bias becomes no Bias;
axioms in philosophy are not axioms until they are proved upon our pulses; knowledge widens speculation
to ease the Burden of the Mystery; life:
a large Mansion of Many Apartments; Wordsworth’s genius and depth: exploring life’s
dark passages; Wordsworth deemed deeper than Milton;
sorrow is wisdom;
the World is full of Misery and Heartbreak, Pain, Sickness and oppression;
I am now so depressed that I have not an idea to put to paper; judged by Blackwood’s as an
infatuated bardlingunder Hunt’s sway; brother George marries Georgiana (?28 May)
Life must be undergone, and I certainly derive a consolation from the thought of writing one or two more Poems before it ceases; brother George and wife sail to America; the beginning of his northern expedition with Charles Brown, 26-29 June: Keats visits Lake District, including Kendal, Ambleside, Rydal, and Keswick: a
mass of beautyto be
harvestedin his poetry;
I shall learn poetry here and shall henceforth write more than ever, for the abstract endeavor of being able to add a mite to that mass of beauty which is harvested from the materials, by the finest spirits, and put into the ethereal existence for the relish of one’s fellows. […] I live in the eye; and my imagination, surpassed, is at rest; the
countenanceof the Lake District scenery challenges Keats’s imagination; unfading aspects of the scenery
make one forget the divisions of life;
misery(
a dead weight) and greatness contemplated; contemplating poverty:
We live in a barbarous age; poem: On Visiting the Tomb of Burns; the Scotch:
they never laugh;
I carry all matters to an extreme […] I have so little selfpossession; his hope was that
tramping in the highlandswould
strengthen more my reach in Poetry, than would stopping home among Books;
on my return I shall begin studying hard
more careful of my health than I have been
drivelling idiocyinfluenced by Hunt
the fame of poetryhaunts and disturbs him, and he plunges into writing to ease thoughts of Tom’s suffering:
This morning poetry has conquered—I have relapsed into those abstractions which are my only life—I feel escaped from a new strange and threatening sorrow. And I am thankful for it;
I am obliged to write; feels in a
funk; fears going out on damp nights
I hope Apollo is not angered at my having made a Mockery at him at Hunt’s];
love of beauty in the abstract makes [a man] a severe critic on his own Works;
I will write independently.—I have written independently without Judgment—I may write independently & with judgment hereafter. The Genius of Poetry must work out its own salvation in a man […] That which is creative must create itself;
I would sooner fail [in writing Endymion] than not be among the greatest; about Endymion:
slipshod,and
I was never afraid of failure[Book I, Book II, Book III, Book IV]; Tom reported as getting
weaker every day and I am not able to leave him for more than a few hours; Tom looks upon Keats as
his only comfort;
Poor Tom
I think I shall be among the English Poets after my death;
We have no Milton;
I have too many interruptions to a train of feeling to be able to write poetry;
The mighty abstract Idea I have of Beauty […];
As my imagination strengthens, [I feel] I do not live in this world alone but in a thousand worlds […] shapes of epic greatness are stationed around me; Endymion: a necessary risk; likens
the Poetical characteras the
camelion Poet; Keats defines his
Poetic characteragainst
the Wordsworthian or egotistical sublime; brief encounter with Isabella Jones;
I hope I shall never marry . . . my solitude is sublime;
the yearning Passion I have for the beautiful;
The only thing that can ever effect me personally for more than one short passing day, is any doubt about my powers for poetry—I seldom have any, and I look with hope to the nighing time when I shall have none;
The faint conceptions I have of poems to come brings the blood frequently into my forehead;
I will assay to reach to as high a summit in Poetry as the nerve bestowed upon me will suffer. The faint conceptions I have of Poems to come brings the blood frequently into my forehead;
I do not live in this world alone but in a thousand worlds
The last days of poor Tom were of the most distressing nature; about Fanny Brawne:
beautiful and elegant, graceful, silly, fashionable, and strange; about Hunt:
pleasant […] but in reality he is vain, egotistical and disgusting in matters of taste and in morals;
my pen seems to have grown too goutty for verse
Never relieved except when I am composing—so I will write away;
I have a new leaf to turn over—I must work—I must read—I must write;
I feel in myself all the vices of a Poet, irritability love of effect and admiration;
I wish to avoid publishing; comes to some kind of
understandingwith Fanny Brawne;
I am certainly more for greartness in a Shade than in the open day;
I never can feel certain of any truth but from a clear perception of its Beauty; sore throat
contagious feverin London to be
prevalent; Karl Marx, Emily Bronte, Frederick Douglass, and Ivan Turgenev born; death of Matthew
MonkLewis: border between US and Canada established; first modern use of rubber as a covering
[on pages vii-ix of the original text]
KNOWING within myself the manner in which this Poem has been produced, it is not without a feeling of regret that I make it public.
What manner I mean, will be quite clear to the reader, who must soon perceive great inexperience, immaturity, and every error denoting a feverish attempt, rather than a deed accomplished. The two first books, and indeed the two last, I feel sensible are not of such completion as to warrant their passing the press; nor should they if I thought a year’s castigation would do them any good;—it will not: the foundations are too sandy. It is just that this youngster should die away: a sad thought for me, if I had not some hope that while it is dwindling I may be plotting, and fitting myself for verses fit to live.
This may be speaking too presumptuously, and may deserve a punishment: but no feeling man will be forward to inflict it: he will leave me alone, with the conviction that there is not fiercer hell than the failure in a great object. This is not written with the least atom of purpose to forestall criticisms of course, but from the desire I have to conciliate men who are competent to look, and who do look with a zealous eye, to the honour of English literature.
The imagination of a boy is healthy, and the mature imagination of a man is healthy; but there is a space of life between, in which the soul is in a ferment, the character undecided, the way of life uncertain, the ambition thick-sighted: thence proceeds mawkishness, and all the thousand bitters which those men I speak of must necessarily taste in going over the following pages.
I hope I have not in too late a day touched the beautiful mythology of Greece and dulled its brightness: for I wish to try once more, before I bid it farewel [sic].
Teignmouth,
April 10, 1818.
TO A FRIEND